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Feedback Controllers - Making Hardware with Firmware. Part I. Introduction

Feedback Controllers - Making Hardware with Firmware. Part I. Introduction

Steve Maslen
Still RelevantIntermediate

Introduction to the topic  This is the 1st in a series of articles looking at how we can use DSP and Feedback Control Sciences along with some mixed-signal electronics and number-crunching capability (e.g. FPGA), to create arbitrary...


Summary

This introductory blog explains how digital signal processing and feedback-control concepts combine with mixed-signal electronics and firmware (e.g., FPGAs) to implement embedded feedback controllers. Readers will learn the high-level trade-offs, hardware/firmware partitioning, and practical concerns when moving control algorithms from theory to hardware.

Key Takeaways

  • Identify the roles of DSP, mixed-signal front ends, and firmware/FPGA logic in a closed-loop controller architecture
  • Assess trade-offs between implementing control tasks in firmware (FPGA) versus software (CPU/DSP), including latency and determinism
  • Estimate hardware requirements such as ADC/DAC specs, sampling rate, and computational resources needed to meet control-loop performance
  • Outline practical issues—fixed-point arithmetic, latency/jitter, and I/O scheduling—and how they affect stability and performance

Who Should Read This

Embedded systems and controls engineers (intermediate experience) who design or integrate DSP-enabled feedback controllers using FPGAs, microcontrollers, or mixed-signal hardware.

Still RelevantIntermediate

Topics

Control SystemsReal-Time DSPFilter Design

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