Including Hysteresis
Since the compressed hammer-felt (wool) on real piano hammers shows significant hysteresis memory, an improved piano-hammer felt model is
where (s), and again denotes piano key number [487].
Equation (9.21) is said to be a good approximation under normal playing conditions. A more complete hysteresis model is [487]
Relating to Eq.(9.21) above, we have (N/mm).
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